What is a cataract? When we’re young, the lens of the eye is clear, or transparent. The lens is made up of protein and water, and sits behind the colored part of the eye called the iris. The lens focuses the light that comes through the eye to the retina at the back of the eye. The more focused the light, the sharper the image we see. As we age, the protein in the lens begins to clump together, which blocks the light coming through. This “clouding” of the lens keeps the light from being focused on the retina, which causes blurry vision. Cataracts are the number one cause of blindness in the world, and are prevalent among developing nations.
Is age the only thing that causes cataracts? While aging is the primary reason for the development of cataracts, it is not the only thing that causes them. Other factors include eye injuries, diseases like diabetes, medications that contain certain steroids, or even genetic inheritance. Cigarette smoking may also increase the chance of developing cataracts.
What are the symptoms of a cataract? The symptoms of a cataract come on gradually, and may be mistaken for simple nearsightedness. Other symptoms include:
Halos around lights, glare, or problems with driving at night
Changes or fading in the way you see color
Cloudy, blurred, or fuzzy vision
Frequent prescription changes in your eye glasses
Noticeable worsening in your night vision
Double or multiple vision in one eye
How will I be tested to see if I have a cataract? Diagnosing you for cataracts is done by an ophthalmologist.. He or she will take a look at your medical history, noting any medical conditions that might affect your eyes, any diseases that may be prevalent in your genes, and any medications you are taking. They will test your vision with an eye chart, a device called a refractor, and test your vision with varying light conditions. He or she will also look inside your eye with special equipment that we have in the office. Checking the condition of your eyes will help your ophthalmologist determine what other eye conditions may be your problem. If your ophthalmologist has diagnosed you with cataracts, the next step is discussing treatment options.
If I have a cataract, what treatment options are available? Unfortunately, once a cataract has formed, there are no medications, drops, or special exercises you can perform to get rid of it. The most successful treatment for cataracts is their surgical removal. Cataract surgery is needed when your vision is so bad that it affects the way you function in your daily life. If your vision is not impaired, your ophthalmologist will usually not recommend surgery.
Cataract surgery involves making a very small incision in your eye and then removing the cataract. A device called an intraocular lens is then placed into your eye to replace the natural lens. This intraocular lens will restore the amount of light that reaches your retina which will sharpen your sight. After the lens is implanted, the incision is closed. Stitches are not normally necessary following modern cataract surgery.
What complications may arise after cataract surgery? Although the risks are small, because this is surgery, there will be risks. Some of the risks cataract surgery poses include bleeding and infection. There is also a slight increase in the risk of retinal detachment. Endophthalmitis, an infection of the inner eye, is a serious complication that can lead to permanent blindness if left untreated. There is also a small risk of developing glaucoma. Because all these things can be treated if caught early enough, it is important that you contact your ophthalmologist if you notice any problems with your eyes.
Call your ophthalmologist immediately if you have any of the following symptoms after surgery:
Pain not relieved by non-prescription pain medication
Loss of vision
Nausea, vomiting, or excessive coughing
Injury to the eye
If you suspect you may be developing, or have developed cataracts and are in the Charlotte, North Carolina area, please contact the experienced ophthalmologists at Horizon Eye Care for an initial consultation.
