Although the word “tumor” is most commonly associated with cancer, not all tumors are cancerous (malignant). Many are simply masses or growths in the eye, similar to a mole on the skin, described as benign tumors. Malignant tumors may be either primary or secondary to the spread of malignant tumors elsewhere in the body.
Some common malignant eye tumors include:
• Choroidal Melanoma – A cancer that grows in the melanin producing cells in the blood-vessel layer below the retina, known as the choroid. Choroidal melanomas are often visible in a routine eye examination, but specialized procedures may be necessary to actually diagnose a choroidal melanoma. Most choroidal melanomas have no symptoms, although some lead to distorted or diminished vision, floaters, or flashes of light. Secondary effects of choroidal melanoma can include retinal detachment, and distortion of the macula. Small melanomas can be treated with laser photocoagulation. Medium sized tumors are treated with radiation therapy. Unfortunately, larger tumors may require removal of the eye.
• Choroidal Metastases – These are tumors that have spread from elsewhere in the body. Common primary cancers are breast, lung, prostate, kidney, and cancer. Only seldom does melanoma of the skin spread to the eye. They can be detected during an exam. These cancers are treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
• Retinoblastoma is a cancer of childhood that affects about 300 children in the US every year. White pupils or crossed eyes are the most common signs of retinoblastoma. Chemotherapy is the most common first-line treatment for retinoblastoma. Cryotherapy (freezing treatment) and radiation therapy may be used in addition.
Benign eye tumors include:
• Choroidal Nevus – This is a “freckle” on the retina. Like a skin mole, it may change into a melanoma. Normally choroidal nevi have no effect on vision or health.
• Iris Cysts – These are lumps in the iris. They rarely cause health problems, but may grow to block the pupil or the drainage angle and contribute to glaucoma.
• Pterygium – These growths are clear or pinkish and are on the surface of the white part of the eye. They can grow onto the cornea and be cosmetically undesirable. But they are benign and have no effects on the health of the eye.
The best way to detect eye tumors is by regular eye exams. The doctors at Horizon Eye Care are able to detect and diagnose eye tumors and advise you of treatment options.
